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Blood transfusion
Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood products into one's circulation intravenously. Transfusions are used for various medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood. Early transfusions used whole blood, but modern medical practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, clotting factors, and platelets.
==Medical uses==
Historically, red blood cell transfusion was considered when the hemoglobin level fell below 10 g/dL or hematocrit falls below 30% (the "10/30 rule").〔Adams RC, Lundy JS: Anesthesia in cases of poor surgical risk. Some suggestions for decreasing risk. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1942; 74:1011-1019.〕 Because each unit of blood given carries risks, a trigger level lower than that at 7-8 g/dL is now usually used as it has been shown to have better patient outcomes. The administration of a single unit of blood is the standard for hospitalized people who are not bleeding, with this treatment then followed with re-assessment and consideration of symptoms and hemoglobin concentration.〔 Patients with poor oxygen saturation may need more blood.〔 The advisory caution to use blood transfusion only with more severe anemia is in part due to evidence that outcomes are worsened if larger amounts are given. One may consider transfusion for people with symptoms of cardiovascular disease such as chest pain or shortness of breath.〔 In cases where patients have low levels of hemoglobin but are cardiovascularly stable, parenteral iron is a preferred option based on both efficacy and safety. Other blood products are given where appropriate, such as clotting deficiencies.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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